[考博英語]2019考博英語閱讀模擬練習題附詳細答案解析（三十七）_考博_旭晨教育

2019 考博英語 閱讀模擬練習題附詳細答案解析（三十七）

考博英語閱讀理解題型想要獲得高分平日的練習必不可少，旭晨教育考博頻道為考博生們整理了100篇考博英語閱讀理解模擬練習題，希望考博生們做題時注意時間，認真對待，題后有詳細的答案解析。

When Princeton, the University of Virginia,and Harvard announced last fall that they would drop their early admissionsoptions because they gave an unfair advantage to affluent students, manycollege counselors held their breath. Would early decision go the way of kegs indormitories? Not for now, at least. Early admission is still going strong atmany colleges and universities, including many top-tier schools.

Early decision in particular--in which a studentcommits to a first-choice institution--is often touted as a plus forboth schools and students. Colleges can lock up half of their class beforeJanuary, and acceptance rates are typically higher than under regularadmission. The major drawback of early decision is that it leavesstudents who are in the market for the best financial aid package out in thecold. By applying early, you must enroll if accepted, so comparing awardswith those of other schools is out of the question. Schools like that, ofcourse, because it helps their bottom line. But there is a possible end run:Ask if a school will release you from your obligation should its aid packagefall short. In some cases, a school will roll you into the regular admissionpool, allowing for comparison shopping come springtime.

While some schools admit almost the samepercentage of applicants during early and regular admission, many favor theearly pool. Johns Hopkins Universitytook 44 percent from its early round and 24 percent from the regular pool.Early birds at Hopkinsmake up a third of this fall's freshman class.Nonetheless, college counselorshave seen borderline students get a boost by applying early decision. "Ifthey aren't legacies, athletes, or an underrepresented minority, early decisionmay be the only hook that some students have," says Jim Conroy, chair ofpost-high-school counseling at New Trier TownshipHigh School in Winnetka, Ill.But you need to be realistic. "If a school is out of your reach, it's outof reach whether you apply early decision, early action, or regularadmission," says Sarah Wilburn, a college counselor at Campus Bound in Quincy, Mass."Move on and set some new goals."

Advantage or not, applying early decision makessense only if you're convinced that a school is a good fit for you. Erin Murraydecided to apply to Dartmouthearly despite the advice of her college counselor and others. They wanted herto beef up her transcript after she had spent a semester of high school in Italy . But theteenager from Cheyenne, Wyo., wisely played up her experienceabroad (her 4.0 GPA and top -notch board scores didn't hurt, either) andwas accepted. "I probably would have fit well at a number ofschools," she admits, "but Dartmouthwas the only place I could see myself walking across the greens. It was a gutreaction."

If youlack the same certainty but clinching a slot before New Year's is appealing,consider other early admissions plans. Early action is a nonbinding alternativethat allows you to apply by November 1 and hear back before the regularapplication deadline. Some highly selective schools require that you submitonly one early action application--called single-choice early action--meaningyou can't apply early elsewhere. Another option is to apply early to rollingadmissions, where an application that arrives in the fall may stand out morethan one that arrives with most of the others in January.

1. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of early decision?

[A] Early decision is a common strategy adopted by universities to secure high rate of student enrollment.

[B] Early decision begins to be abandoned by top American universities.

[C] Early decision is a special treatment for rich students, athletes and minorities.

[D] Early decision will still be in practice for a fairly long time.

2. The major disadvantage of early decision is that_____

[A] students can enjoy a less attractive the financial aid package if he chooses early decision.

[B] it excludes students who are from lower social class or poor family background.

[C] it does not allow students to choose the other better schools.

[D] it excludes students who want to have comparison shopping.

3. What Sarah Wilburn wants to suggest students is that---_____

[A] early decision is not so advantageous as people think.

[B] students should not regard early decision as the sole way to college.

[C] students should evaluate themselves objectively before making early decision.

[D] students should not limit themselves in early decision.

4.Wyo applied to Dartmouth because_____

[A] she was quite confident due to her rich experience of studying abroad.

[B] the university’s beautiful lawn aroused her affection.

[C] she found Dartmouth the only one that fit her after researching a bunch of universities.

[D] her 4.0 GPA and top-notch board scores were not so ideal.

5. The following options can be adopted by students lacking certainty of which school to apply to except_____

[A] applying to early action.

[B] applying to rolling admissions.

[C] applying to early decision.

[D] applying single-choice early action.

文章剖析：

這篇文章主要講述了美國的提前擇校制度。文章第一段由美國幾所大學宣布要取消擇校制度來引出擇校制度話題;第二段講述提前擇校的優劣;第三段講述美國對于提前擇校的態度;第四段講述提前擇校適合的學生;第五段將不選擇提前擇校的學生可以考慮的其他方法。

詞匯注釋：

affluent adj. 富裕的 keg n. 小桶

tout v. 吹捧 drawback n. 缺點

play up 加油, 開始奏樂 notch n. 槽口, 凹口, 得分

難句突破：

(1) When Princeton, the University of Virginia, and Harvard announced last fall that they would drop their early admissions options because they gave an unfair advantage to affluent students, many college counselors held their breath.

[主體句式] When…, many college counselors …

[結構分析] 這是一個簡單句，前面是由when引導的時間狀語從句，結構比較復雜;該從句有一個由because引導的原因狀語從句，that引導的是賓語從句。

[句子譯文] 普林斯頓大學、弗吉尼亞大學和哈佛大學去年秋天宣布將取消提前入學選擇，因為這是給富裕學生的一種不公平的優待，許多大學顧問都緊張了起來。

(2) The major drawback of early decision is that it leaves students who are in the market for the best financial aid package out in the cold.

[主體句式] The major drawback is that it leaves students out in the cold.

[結構分析] 這是一個簡單句，that引導的是表語從句;who引導的定語從句用來修飾前面的students.

[句子譯文] 提前入學的主要缺點是讓那些尋找最好的經濟資助的學生們暴露在了冷風中。

題目分析：

1. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of early decision?1. 關于提前擇校，下列哪個陳述是錯誤的?

[A] Early decision is a common strategy adopted by universities to secure high rate of student enrollment.[A] 提前擇校是各個大學廣泛采用的做法，目的在于保證學生的入學率。

[B] Early decision begins to be abandoned by top American universities.[B] 美國頂級大學開始放棄提前擇校的做法。

[C] Early decision is a special treatment for rich students, athletes, and minorities.[C]提前擇校是給與富有學生、運動員和少數民族的特殊待遇。

[D] Early decision will still be in practice for a fairly long time.[D] 提前擇校還會實行很長一段時間。

[答案] C

[難度系數] ☆☆☆

[分析] 細節題。選項A，第二段提到學校歡迎提前擇校是因為可以保證其底線，也就是入學率，因此該選項的說法是正確的。選項B，文章一開頭就指出一些頂尖大學開始提出要放棄提前擇校的做法，因此B選項的表述符合文章的意思;C，文章第三段提到了提前擇校對富有學生、運動員和少數民族這三類人的好處，但是文章也指出這種做法也是為了保證學校的入學率，不是完全為了這三種人設立的特殊待遇，因此，該陳述有問題;D，從第一段可以看出，提前擇校不會馬上取消、而且在一些學校愈演愈烈，因此該表述也與文章相符。因此，C選項為正確答案。

2. The major disadvantage of early decision is that_____2. 提前擇校的主要缺點在于_____

[A] students can enjoy a less attractive the financial aid package if he chooses early decision.[A]如果選擇了提前擇校，學生能夠得到的資助計劃就不那么吸引人。

[B] it exclude students who are from lower social class or poor family background.[B]將那些來自社會底層和貧窮家庭的學生排除在外。

[C] it does not allow students to choose the other better schools.[C]不允許學生選擇其他更好的學校。

[D] it excludes students who want to have comparison shopping. [D]將那些想要比較資助優厚與否的學生排除在外。

[答案]D

[難度系數] ☆☆☆

[分析]細節題。文章第三段提到，提前擇校的最大缺點就是把那些想要尋求最好的經濟資助的學生們暴露在了冷風中，也就是把他們排除在外。因為如果你提前擇校并且被學校錄取，那就必須入學，這樣就沒辦法和其他學校比較看看有沒有學校提供更好的獎學金了。因此，選項中D最為符合題意。

3. What Sarah Wilburn wants to suggest students is that---_____3. Sarah Wilburn想要建議學生的是_____

[A] early decision is not so advantageous as people think.[A]提前擇校并沒有人們想象中那么有利。

[B] students should not regard early decision as the sole way to college.[B]學生們不應當把提前擇校看作是進入大學的唯一途徑。

[C] students should evaluate themselves objectively before making early decision. [C]學生們在提前擇校前應當客觀地估量自己的實力。

[D] students should not limit themselves in early decision.[D]學生們不應當把自己局限在提前擇校上。

[答案]C

[難度系數] ☆

[分析]推理題。Sarah說的是：“如果你沒有資格到某個學效，那么不管你是否填了提前入學申請或一般申請都一樣，接下來你就得一直前進，設定新的目標。”而結合上下文，上面說學生們應當現實一些。可以推斷，她是要告訴學生如果你自己不能達到一個學校的標準，那么不管你是不是提前擇校都不會被錄取，你應當再去尋找新的目標，適合自己的學校。選項中，D最為符合這個意思。

4.Wyo applied to Dartmouth because_____4. Wyo申請到達特茅斯大學是因為_____

[A] she was quite confident due to her rich experience of studying abroad.[A] 她有在國外的經歷。

[B] the university’s beautiful lawn aroused her affection.[B] 她喜歡學校里的草坪。

[C] she found Dartmouth the only one that fit her after researching a bunch of universities.[C] 她覺得她只適合達特茅斯。

[D] her 4.0 GPA and top-notch board scores were not so ideal.[D] 她的4.0 GPA和高分不是那么理想。

[答案]B

[難度系數] ☆☆☆☆

[分析]細節題。文章第四段提到Wyo的個案，她自己說：“我可能感覺好多學校都適合我，但是達特茅斯是唯一我可以看到自己漫步走遍綠地的地方。這是一種內心的反應。” 可以看出，她之所以申請這所學校是因為喜歡學校的綠地，喜歡在那里漫步的心情。因此，B為正確答案。

5. The following options can be adopted by students lacking certainty of which school to apply to except_____5.學生們如果不能確定自己該申請哪個學校，那么他們可以選擇除了_____之外的其他方法。

[A] applying to early action.[A] 申請提前行動

[B] applying to rolling admissions.[B] 申請滾動入學

[C] applying to early decision.[C] 申請提前擇校

[D] applying single-choice early action.[D] 申請單一選擇提前行動

[答案]C

[難度系數] ☆☆

[分析] 細節題。文章第五段提到，學生如果不能確定自己該申請哪個學校，但又不想落空的話有兩種選擇，一種是提前行動，一種是申請滾動入學;而提前擇校是學生已經確定自己要去哪個學校時才采取的方法。因此，C選項為正確答案。

參考譯文：

普林斯頓大學、弗吉尼亞大學和哈佛大學去年秋天宣布將取消提前入學選擇，因為這是給富裕學生的一種不公平的優待，許多大學顧問都緊張了起來。提前擇校是不是要和宿舍小桶事件如出一轍?起碼現在不是這樣的。提前擇校在許多大學和學院中依然愈演愈烈，包括許多一流學校。

提前擇校時指學生指定到首選學校上學，這種方式常被吹噓為對學校和學生都有利。大學可以在1月前就確保其大半課程的人數，接受率一般要比正常入學的高。提前入學的主要缺點是讓那些尋找最好的經濟資助的學生們暴露在了冷風中。如果他們提前申請，那么如果一旦學校接受他們就必須得入學，因此無法比較其他學校的獎學金。當然，學校喜歡這種做法，因為這可以幫助他們達到底線。也有個迂回方法，學生在申請時可以先問問學校如果其助學金不多是否將自己放行。在有些情況下，學校可以把你加入正常入學學生的名單中，這樣學生就可以在春天的時候選擇學校了。

一些學校稱提前和正常入學學生的申請人數幾乎一樣，但是許多學校都更傾向于錄取提前入學的學生。約翰斯·霍普金斯大學從申請提前入學學生中選了45%，從申請正常入學學生中選了24%。霍普金斯提前入學的學生占當年秋季入學一年級班級的1/3。不過，學校顧問們發現一些態度不明確的學生如果申請了提前入學可以得到一些幫助。“如果他們不是遺產繼承人、運動員或未被充分代表的少數民族，那么提前入學可能就是一些學生的必然選擇。”Winnetka的New Tier鎮中學后高中咨詢中心主席Jim Conroy說道。但是你必須要現實一些。馬薩諸塞州昆西校園約束顧問Sarah Wilburn說，“如果你沒有資格到某個學效，那么不管你填寫了提前入學申請或一般申請你都還是沒有資格，接下來你得設定新的目標才行。”

不論是否有利，除非你需要堅信某所學校是非常適合你的，否則的話不要急于采取行動。Erin Murray 決定提前申請達特茅斯學校，盡管她的大學顧問和其他人都不讓她去。他們希望她先去意大利讀完一個學期的高中后就可以加強她的成績單競爭力了。而十幾歲的夏安族學生Wyo卻聰明地強調提到自己在國外的經驗(4.0 GPA和高分也都沒有負面影響)，后來獲得了該校的錄取通知書。“我感覺好多學校都可能適合我，” 她承認說，“但是達特茅斯是唯一一個我可以看到自己漫步綠地的地方。這是一種內心的反應。”

如果你沒有Wyo那么確定但卻希望在新年前作出決定，那么就考慮一下其他提前入學計劃吧。提前入學是種沒有限制的選擇，你可以在11月1日前申請，在一般的申請中止之前靜候佳音。一些嚴格的學校要求你只能提交一份提前申請，叫做“單一選擇提前申請”，意思是你不能在別的地方再提前申請。另外一個選擇是提前申請到入學名單中，在秋天之前就能拿到申請表，而不是和其他人一樣在一月份才能拿到。