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  • 928°

    [考博英語]考博英語翻譯五大技巧_考博_旭晨教育

    考博英語 翻譯五大技巧

    考博英語翻譯亦是各研究生院考博常考的題型,考博翻譯部分有兩種可能的題型:英譯漢部分和漢譯英部分。旭晨教育考博頻道為大家整理了考博英語翻譯五大技巧供考生們參考。

    1.詞的增減

    漢語里無主語的句子相當多,英語則不同,句子一般都需要有主語。所以在翻譯這類無主語的句子時,有時要用“There be…”結構或用it作主語,有時要采用被動式,有時要根據具體上下文選擇適當的代詞(或名詞)來補出主語。因此,漢譯英時就需要做適當的增詞翻譯。一個英語并列句子中,后半句中,往往得省略其重復的部分,而漢語中,有時表示排比對仗,一個詞有時會出現好幾遍,其目的是為了達到某種氣勢或是造成排比的效果。因此,英譯漢也需適當增詞。

    Sample 1

    原文:有一個調查表明,不吸煙的婦女,如果在吸煙的家庭環境中生活40年或更長的時間,那么患肺癌的危險就會加倍。

    譯文:It has been found from a survey that women,who may not have smoked themselves,would double their risk of suffering from lung cancer, if they were exposed to 40 or more years of household tobacco smoke.

    Note:

    通過對比,可以看出:由于句型變動的需要,英語譯文中用了主語從句句型,就出現了It has been found from a survey that…,自然就增加了形式主語it和介詞from,就連“表明”這一謂語形式也得譯成has been found that等比漢語多得多的詞;漢語“不吸煙的婦女”譯成英語為women,who may not have smoked themselves,增加了反身代詞themselves和關系代詞who;“如果在吸煙的家庭環境中生活40年或更長的時間”這一部分,譯成英語為:if they were exposed to 40 or more years of household tobacco smoke,先是增加了條件從句中省略的人稱主語they,主句部分又在risk前增加了物主代詞their。由上述分析對比可以看出漢譯英時增詞譯法用得較多。

    Sample 2

    原文:Mr.Rading explained that according to the new traffic regulations,drivers in Sweden were required to keep the lights on day and night,which helped decrease the traffic accidents.

    譯文:雷丁先生解釋說,根據新的交通規則,在瑞典要強制司機日夜開燈行駛,這有助于降低交通事故的發生率。

    Note:

    在這段英譯漢翻譯中,譯文增詞的情況和漢譯英大不相同。就代詞而論,由于把which helped decrease the traffic accidents翻譯成了獨立句子,就把原來的which譯成了代詞“這。”又把原文的explain譯成了“解釋說,”加了個“說”字。在翻譯drivers in Sweden were required to keep the lights on day and night這一部分時,譯成“在瑞典要強制司機日夜開燈行駛,”在開燈后面又加上了“行駛”二字以符合漢語語言表達重視“末尾信息焦點”這一傳統。

    Sample 3

    原文:交出翻譯之前,必須看幾遍,看看有沒有需要修改的地方,這樣你才能把工作做得更好。

    譯文:Before handing in your translation,you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.Only thus can you do your work well.

    Note:

    在漢譯英時,注意在漢語中,人稱代詞、物主代詞在不影響理解的情況下能省就省,英語則是為了避免誤解盡量不漏。如上面這句話中,英文翻譯中增加了漢語原文中所沒有的you,your和it。而且把漢語原文中的“修改”加以細說,而譯成了corrected or improved。

    Sample 4

    原文:在過去20年中,世界上沒有一個國家的外貿發展速度像中國那么快。日本用了20多年才將其外貿總額翻了一番,而中國卻翻了兩番。

    譯文:Over the last two decades,no country in the world has expanded its foreign trade as fast as China.Japan took more than 20 years to double its foreign trade,while China,for he same length of time,has quadrupled its foreign trade.

    Note:

    在漢語原文中,“沒有一個國家的外貿發展速度像中國那么快,”突出了“速度”這兩個字,英語則譯為no country in the world has expanded its foreign trade as fast as China,省譯了“速度,”而只說外貿發展。

    Sample 5

    原文:人們并不是因為做好了自己應做的工作就得到提升;他們得到提升是因為自己以一種積極主動的態度來工作。

    譯文:People don't get promotions just because they do their jobs well;they get promotions because they take initiative.

    Note:

    在漢語原文中,“以一種積極主動的態度來工作”譯成了take initiative,就省譯了“態度來工作”這些字詞。這是因為英語中并列句中后半部的重復部分必須省去,漢語則不一定。

    Sample 6

    原文:The country (Sweden) is so clean that you can sit anywhere you like without dirtying the clothes. The bottles are made of glass and the packages are made of paper or other natural materials which can be recycled. To make best use of their resources, Swedes never turn on the heating too high or the air-condition too low.

    譯文:(瑞典)全國到處都干凈得你可以隨地落座而不會把你的衣服弄臟。容器瓶都是玻璃做的,包裝材料都是用紙或其他能夠再生循環的天然材料做的。

    Note:

    注意第1句The country(Sweden)is so clean that you can sit anywhere you like without dirtying the clothes在譯成漢語時,原文中的so…that…like等均省略不譯。The bottles are made of glass and the packages are made of paper or other natural materials which can be recycled中的and和which指代的名詞重復譯出。

    Sample 7

    原文:有些蝙蝠,借助與接收它們發出的尖叫聲的回聲,就能探測出障礙物的位置,并且還能避開這些障礙物。

    譯文:Certain bats by receiving the echoes to the squeaks they emit,can locate and steer clear of obstacles.

    Note:

    在漢語原文中,“能探測出障礙物的位置,并且還能避開這些障礙物”,譯成英語則避免了后半部的重復部分。就將兩處的“障礙物”合譯為一個obstacles。



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