[考博英語]2018考博英語翻譯練習：家庭結構變遷_考博_旭晨教育

? 2018 考博英語 翻譯練習：家庭結構變遷

With the implementation of the family planning policy and the change of the concept of family, the size and structure of traditional Chinese families have undergone evident changes. One is that the number of one-child families increases, resulting in a gradual decrease in the average number of family members. Another is the miniaturization trend of the family structure, which leads to the traditional extended family being replaced by nuclear family. Changes in size and structure of households contribute to simple family relationship and increasing mutual dependence of family members. However, the changes also exert negative influences, such as a surge in the speed of population aging and the increasing number of the empty-nest families.

參考翻譯:

隨著計劃生育政策(the family planning policy)的推行和家庭觀念的改變，中國傳統的家庭規模和結構發生了明顯變化。一是獨生子女家庭增多，家庭平均人口逐漸下降。二是家庭結構呈現出小型化(miniaturization)趨勢，傳統的大家庭逐漸被核心家庭取代。家庭規模與結構的變化，使家庭中的人際關系變得簡單，成員之間的相互依賴性日益增強。但是，家庭規模和結構的變化也帶來了一些負面影響，如中國的人口老齡化速度急劇上升，空巢家庭(empty-nest family)增加等。

1.第一句中的“隨著計劃生育…和家庭觀念的改變”可譯成with引導的介詞短語。“中國傳統的家庭規模和結構發生了明顯變化”則處理為句子主干。

2.第二句中的“一是獨生子女家庭增多”譯作One is that the number of one-child families increases,“家庭平均人口逐漸下降”可采用現在分詞短語作結果狀語，增譯“導致”，譯作resulting in a gradual decrease in the average number of family members。

3.第三句中的“二是家庭結構呈現出小型化趨勢”處理成主干，“傳統的大家庭逐漸被核心家庭取代”可處理成which引導的非限制性定語從句，對“家庭結構的小型化趨勢”作進一步說明，同時使句式富于變化。

4.第四句“家庭規模與結構的變化，使…”，可將“家庭中的人際關系變得簡單”，“成員之間的相互依賴性日益增強”處理成名詞短語，譯作simple family relationship and increasing mutual dependence of family members，這樣處理符合英文中多用名詞表達的語言特點，也使譯文表達更簡潔。