• <table id="gge6i"><kbd id="gge6i"></kbd></table>
    <li id="gge6i"><rt id="gge6i"></rt></li>
  • <table id="gge6i"><source id="gge6i"></source></table>
  • <noscript id="gge6i"><source id="gge6i"></source></noscript>
  • <bdo id="gge6i"></bdo>
  • 1265°

    [考博英語]2017考博英語閱讀題源經濟學人文章每日精析(二十三)_考博_旭晨教育

    2017 考博英語 閱讀題源經濟學人文章每日精析(二十三)

    考博英語閱讀大部分博士研究生招生院校都使用《經濟學人》雜志文章作為題源,旭晨教育考博頻道為考博生們將其中的文章進行深度分析,希望能提高大家的考博英語閱讀水平,讀懂長難句。

    導讀

    基督教是一種信仰一神和天國的宗教,發源于中東以色列地區。在人類發展史上,基督教具有非常重要的地位(尤其中世紀的歐洲地區)。近代以來,雖然經歷了宗教改革、科學革命和工業革命的沖擊,基督教仍然具有廣泛的影響,在歐美地區被普遍信仰。基督徒相信人類具有原罪,而耶穌作為神(天主或稱上帝)唯一的兒子(圣子),通過犧牲自己為人類的救主(彌賽亞,即基督)。基督教與伊斯蘭教、佛教并列為當今三大世界性宗教,提倡的是上帝的愛,救贖人類的罪和靈魂體。

    Christianity and history

    基督教及其歷史

    The search goes on

    探索繼續

    The West has gained a lot from Christianity. There is still more to learn

    西方從基督教中收獲頗豐,仍有更多值得去學習。

    Nov 5th 2016 | From the print edition

    2016年11月5日|摘自印刷版

    IN THE early years of the Enlightenment, a few brave philosophers challenged the Christian order—an apparently hopeless task. But their efforts paid off, and tomes have since been written, by authors from Diderot to Richard Dawkins, about the triumph of secular man. What, after all, has Christianity ever done for us?

    在啟蒙運動的前幾年,幾位勇敢的哲學家挑戰了基督教秩序——顯然,這是一項毫無希望的任務。但是他們的努力奏效了,自此,從狄德羅(狄德羅(Denis Diderot ,1713年10月5日 —1784年7月30日),生于郎格勒。平民出身,法國啟蒙思想家、唯物主義哲學家,作家,百科全書派的代表人物。)到理查德·道金斯(理查德·道金斯(Richard Dawkins,1941年3月26日-),英國著名演化生物學家、動物行為學家和科普作家,英國皇家科學院院士,牛津大學教授,是當今仍在世的最著名、最直言不諱的無神論者和演化論擁護者之一,有“達爾文的羅威納犬”(Darwin's Rottweiler)的稱號。),這些作家開始撰寫一本關于凡人的巨著。那么基督教究竟為我們做了什么貢獻?

    Triumph: n 巨大的成就

    paid off :取得成功

    Secular :a 世俗的

    Rather a lot, argues Nick Spencer in an excellent new book, “The Evolution of the West”. Mr Spencer, who is research director at Theos, a religious think-tank in London, picks up from Larry Siedentop’s epic work from 2014, “Inventing the Individual”—a reassertion of how much the Western world owes to Christianity. It is not a popular thesis but, like a prophet crying in the post-modern wilderness, Mr Spencer provokes reflection that goes far beyond the shallow ding-dongs of the modern culture wars. He wants to make sure Westerners know where they came from as a way to illuminate where they are going.

    尼克·斯賓塞在他的知名新著《西方的革命》中認可了基督教的卓越貢獻。斯賓塞先生是倫敦一家宗教性的智囊團——“領英”的研究室主任,他借鑒了拉里·西登托普2014年的長篇巨著《發現個體》,此書重申了基督教對西方世界的影響。這不是一個熱門的話題,但是,就像一個在后現代曠野哭泣的先知,斯賓塞先生激起的反響遠遠超越了淺顯激烈的現代文化戰爭。他想讓西方人清楚他們是從哪里來的,同樣也照亮他們未來的路。

    Reassertion: n 再主張

    Starting with the ancient world, he takes the reader on an extravagant journey to meet, among many others, Augustine of Hippo and John Locke as well as Thomas Piketty. The author believes that the fact that Christianity became the religion of the European establishment has blinded people to what a revolutionary doctrine it was (and is). And he clearly believes it can still play a role. The Christianisation of Europe, he says, was not a bunch of reactionary clerics trying to shut down a noble, free, secular ancient world, but a new idea of “a voluntary basis for human association in which people joined together through will and love rather than blood or shared material objectives”. Christianity declared that humans “have access to the deepest reality as individuals rather than merely as members of a group”.

    從古代世界開始,斯賓塞先生將讀者帶入了一次極其奢侈的旅行,其中包括希波的奧古斯丁、約翰·洛克以及托馬斯·皮克迪。作者相信這樣一個事實,基督教是歐洲人建立起的一個宗教體系,這讓人們忽略了基督教曾經(當下)是一個革命性的學說。而且他清楚地相信它仍然可以發揮作用。他說歐洲的基督教化,不是一堆反動神職人員試圖關閉一個高貴、自由、世俗的古代世界,而是一種新思想:“人們自愿加入的組織,在這里人們通過意志和愛相聚,而不僅靠血緣或者享有共同的物質目標聯系在一起”。基督教宣稱人類“作為獨立的個體能體會到最深刻的現實,而不僅僅是作為群體的一員”。

    Reactionary: a 反動的

    Out of this, with a reinjection at the Reformation, came the origins of the modern world: a belief in equality of status as the proper basis for a legal system and the assertion of natural rights leading to individual liberty, as well as the notion that a society built on the assumption of moral equality should have a representative form of government.

    由此可見,在改革的回注下,形成了現代世界的起源:人人平等的信仰,是法律制度堅實的基礎,自然權利的主張催生了個人自由的追求,以及建立在道德平等假設上的社會的概念,應該有一種有代表性的政府形式。

    Assertion: n.主張

    Assumption: n.假設

    The book is not a tragic lament for lost Christendom. Mr Spencer is frank about the sins of the church. But too often, he says, they blind people to the communal, psychological, educational and creative benefits that have flowed from Christian belief. And he worries about how the absence of deep cultural norms will play out in the West. Can secular creeds bind people together now that there is plenty of pluribus but not much unum?

    這本書不是為失去信教徒而發出的悲慘的哀歌。斯賓塞先生坦言了教會的罪惡。他指出,很多時候,基督教宣揚的共同、心理、教育、創新的利益蒙蔽了人們。

    Tragic: adj. 悲慘的

    Frank:adj. 坦率的

    Secular creeds:世俗主義

    Shorn of its establishment baggage, Mr Spencer argues, Christianity still has much to say to an amnesiac world about human dignity, political freedom and economic inequality. And, quoting William Wilberforce, he warns that Christian values are inseparable from Christianity itself.

    斯賓塞先生認為,除去基督教的確立,基督教常常論及一種遺忘了人類尊嚴、政治自由與經濟多元化的世界。而且,引用威廉·威爾伯福斯的話,基督教的價值觀離不開基督教本身。

    Amnesiac:adj. 記憶缺失的

    Inseparable:adj. 分不開的

    After the aggression of the God v science debates, Mr Spencer’s book is a gentler, though no less provocative, contribution to the discussion. It is beautifully written, too. The author believes that not everyone in the West is disenchanted with religious faith, and that the end of religion is no nearer than Francis Fukuyama’s end of history. Lurking everywhere in the secularised West is what he calls a “disenchantment with disenchantment”. People still want more than just freedom and choice. They want to belong, they want community rooted in something shared and they want to find meaning beyond themselves. “Having arrived at the secular self,” says Mr Spencer, “we kept on searching.”

    在上帝與自然激烈的辯論之后,斯賓塞先生的書是一場溫和但不張揚的討論。而且寫的十分優美。作者認為在西方,不是每個人都有宗教信仰的幻想,宗教的結束與法蘭西斯·福山(法蘭西斯·福山(Francis Fukuyama)生于1952年10月27日,日裔美籍學者。哈佛大學政治學博士,現任約翰霍普金斯大學、保羅·尼采高級國際問題研究院、舒華茲講座、國際政治經濟學教授,曾師從塞繆爾·亨廷頓。)的歷史結束不同。潛伏在世俗化西方的各個角落,他將其稱為“清醒的覺悟”。人們想要的不僅僅是自由和選擇。他們想要有歸屬感,他們想要共同立足共享之地,他們想找到超越自我的意義。“找到了世俗的自我之后”斯賓塞先生說,“我們仍將繼續尋找。”

    Aggression:n. 侵略

    Provocative:adj. 挑釁的

    Disenchanted:adj. 不再抱有幻想的

    Disenchantment: n.醒悟




    送福利啦

    1)微信搜索公眾號:淘園日記
    2)回復【1】領取大額淘寶優惠券
    3)回復【2】領取晨光文具優惠券


              微信識別二維碼



    已有 0 條評論

      我有話說:
    • <table id="gge6i"><kbd id="gge6i"></kbd></table>
      <li id="gge6i"><rt id="gge6i"></rt></li>
    • <table id="gge6i"><source id="gge6i"></source></table>
    • <noscript id="gge6i"><source id="gge6i"></source></noscript>
    • <bdo id="gge6i"></bdo>
    • 亚洲精品国产