醫學 考博英語 作文寫作句型：如何表達數量關系
從廣義上講，數量關系也是比較關系，也與后面的“增加”、“減少”的句型密切相關。單獨列為一個意念功能，是希望大家注意數量的正確表達。這種句型在圖表作文中運用得很多，在摘要寫作中，主要用來提供一些重要證據。大家如果掌握得好，在必要的情況下運用可以提高摘要的質量，如果掌握得不好，可以盡量回避。
基本句型
be X times / X% as + 形容詞或副詞 + as sth.
decrease X times / X% as + 形容詞或副詞 + sth.
increase X times / X% as +形容詞或副詞 + sth.
do sth. X times / X% as + 形容詞或副詞 + sth.
動詞詞組
account for /add up to / amount to / come (數量總計)
decrease / drop / fall / increase / rise from … to … (數量增減)
decrease / drop / fall / increase / rise (by) X times / X% (數量增減)
名詞詞組
a drop / an increase in sth.
the proportion / ratio of sth. to sth.
例句
1. 2003年的門診量比上一年增加了67%，達到15,000多人。
Compared with those of last year, the annual outpatients of 2003 increased / rose / went up / grew by 67%, amounting to 15,000.
Compared with those of last year, there was a 67% increase in 2003’s outpatients, coming to 15,000.
The annual outpatients of 2003 increased / rose/ went up/ grew by 67% of those of last year, adding up to 15,000.
2. 人均壽命在經濟更發達的國家更長一些。日本上報的人均壽命最長，達78歲，其次是加拿大，76歲。
The average life expectancy was longer among / in the more developed countries. The longest one was reported by Japan, 78. It was followed by Canada’s, 76.
The average life expectancy was longer among / in the more developed countries. Japan reported the longest life expectancy, 78. This was followed by Canada, 76.
3. 該市2004年的人均醫療支出是改革開放剛開始時1978年的30多倍。
The average medical expenses of people in that city in 2004 are over 30 times as great/high as in 1978 when the reform and open policy began.
The average medical expenses of people in that city in 2004 are over 30 times greater/higher than (those) in 1978 when the reform and open policy began.
The average medical expenses of people in that city in 2004 have increased over 30 times, compared with (those in) 1978 when the reform and open policy began.
4. 每周飲酒次數為3次以上的婦女患乳腺癌的危險可增加30%至100%。
A woman who has 3 or more alcoholic drinks each week may increase her danger of breast cancer between 30% and 100%.
The danger of breast cancer for a woman who has 3 or more alcoholic drinks each week may be increased between 30% and 100%.
The danger of breast cancer for a woman who has 3 or more alcoholic drinks each week may be between 30% and 100% greater than (that of) one who does not.
5. 三級醫院治療的病人平均為一級醫院的234% / 兩倍 / 一半。
On average, a Grade Three hospital treats/deals with 234% / twice / half as many patients as a Grade One hospital.
On average, patients treated/deals with by a Grade Three hospital are 234% / twice / half as many as those by a Grade One hospital.
6. 根據《中國日報》報道，1994年中國人的壽命比1988年增加了2年，男子達到了平均72.3歲，女性平均77.1歲。嬰兒死亡率也以每年2%的速度下降。
According to China Daily, life expectancy of Chinese people rose/increased (by) 2 years from 1988 to 1994, with an average of 72.3 for men and 77.1 for women. And infant mortality/death rate dropped/decreased on average by 2% each year.
7. 為孩子提供足夠的糧食類食品，使碳水化合物提供的熱量到達總熱量的60%左右。
Parents should provide enough grain food to their children so that the calories provided by carbohydrate can amount to / add up to / come to / account for 60% of the total calories needed by them.
Parents should provide enough grain food to their children, making the calories provided by carbohydrate amount to / add up to / come to / account for 60% of the total calories needed by them.
8. WHO公布影響健康的四個因素中，不良生活方式和行為占全球死亡因素的60%，我國也占50%以上。
Among the four health-related factors that WHO published, unhealthy lifestyles and behavior have accounted for 60% of the total causes of death worldwide, while in China the figure has been above 50%.
Among the four health-related factors that WHO published, unhealthy lifestyles and behavior have caused 60% of the total deaths worldwide, while in china they have done more than 50%.
9. 洋醫院所收費用的80%是患者為院方的高質量服務而付的，而公立醫院的收入主要來自藥品差價，有的達到了總收入的90%。
80% of the charges by foreign-funded hospitals come from high quality service for the patients, while 90% of the incomes of public hospitals from huge profits form medicines.
80% of the charges by foreign-funded hospitals come from high quality service for the patients, while the incomes of public hospitals mainly come from the price differences of medicines which can even amount to 90% of the total income in some.
10. 農村衛生總費用所占比例沒有變大，反而縮小了，中3/4的人口只占用1/3的醫療衛生費用。
The proportion of expenditure for rural health care to the total national expenditure for health care did not increase but decreased, for the 3/4 of the Chinese population only used 1/3 of the total national expenditure for health care.
Instead of becoming larger, the proportion of rural medical expenditure to the total national medical expenditure became smaller, for the 3/4 of the Chinese population only had 1/3 of the total national expenditure.
11. 世界上發達國家每1,000人所擁有的衛生服務人員為10名，根據2000年的統計數據，我國的平均水平為3.63人，而農村不足2人。
In the developed countries, every one thousand people have 10 medical workers. In our country, however, the national average number is 3.63 and the number for rural areas is less than 2, according to the statistics of 2000.
12. WHO推薦的一個衛生服務機構的服務人員高、中、初級職稱的比例是1:3:1，我國農村是1:2.4:1.83。
The ratio of senior to intermediate to junior medical professionals recommended by WHO for a medical organization is 1:3:1, but this ratio is 1:2.4:1.83 in the rural areas in China.
13. 而世界上有些發達國家的大都市CT的擁有量僅為每200萬人1臺。
In some large cities of developed countries, there is only one CT machine for every two million people.
14. 吸煙者患心臟病的危險比普通人多兩倍。
A cigarette smoker faces 3 times the normal danger of suffering a heart attack.
A cigarette smoker faces the danger of suffering a heart attack twice more than a normal person.
A cigarette smoker faces 3 times the danger of suffering a heart attack for a normal person.
The danger of suffering a heart attack for a cigarette smoker is 3 times as great as that for a normal person.
The danger of suffering a heart attack for a cigarette smoker is twice more than that for a normal person.
15. 新的治療方法可以使該病的死亡率從90%以上降到約60%。
The new therapy can reduce /decrease the mortality of the illness from above 90% to about 60%.
練習：用英語表達以下意念，注意數字關系的表達。
1. 在從1978到2004年的26年期間，中國的私營醫院增加了大約7倍，不過規模仍然很小。
2. 死于心血管疾病的人數比10年前增加了一半。
3. 新中國成立的1949年，全國醫生只有大約8萬，到了1998年的50年后，這一數字達到了250萬。
4. 到2000年，許多國家的人均用水量只有1975年的一半。
5. 10年前，醫療費用只占整個預算的10%，而現在已占到30%。
6. 根據一份調查報告，該地區的農村嬰兒死亡率是全國平均的七倍。
7. 碳水化合物提供的熱量是人體熱量的主要來源，約占總熱量的60%。
8. 我國70%~80%的大學生有心理問題，20.3%有心理障礙。
9. 近20年來，高血壓患病率下降3/4，心血管患病率下降2/3。
10. 冬季比春季從事同等強度的運動熱量消耗高10%左右。
11. 20歲以上成人高血壓患病率為5.8%，臨界高血壓患病率為3.3%，合計總發病率為9.1%。
12. 目前，合理的膳食攝鹽量應該先控制在每日7~10g，以后逐漸降低，逐漸達5g以下。
13. 1991年中國農村衛生費用占全國衛生總費用的33.73%，到2000年，所占比例下降為32.07%。
14. 按WHO的標準，醫護比例應該是1:2，而我國是1:0.61，農村更低。
15. 我國鄉村衛生院的病床平均使用率低于50%，有的才20%~30%。
16. 實施健康危險因素評價(health risk factor appraisal)的公司由1985年的65%增加到1992年的90%以上。
17. 積極參加運動的婦女與不活動的婦女相比，患乳腺癌的可能性要低一半。
18. 一只雄性白鼠接受的咖啡因的最大劑量，相當于一個男人每天喝90杯咖啡的劑量。
19. 半數以上的病人，癥狀改善了50%以上，有的到達70%。
20. 從1995年到2005年，個人醫療開支上升了近4倍，從850元到3200元。
答案：
1. In the period of 26 years from 1978 to 2004, the number of private-owned hospitals in China increased roughly 7 times, but their sizes were still very small.
2. Compared with 10 years ago, people who died from diseases of heart and blood vessels have increased by half / 50%.
People who died from diseases of heart and blood vessels have increased by half / 50% of those 10 years ago.
People who died from diseases of heart and blood vessels have been 50% more than (those) 10 years ago.
People who died from diseases of heart and blood vessels have been 150% as many as (those) 10 years ago.
3. There were only about 8 thousand doctors when New china was founded in 1949, while the number hit /reached 2.5 million 50 years in 1998.
4. In many countries, the average amount of water used per person in 2000 was only half / 50% of that in 1975.
By 2000, many countries had only half / 50% as much water for one person as they had had in 1975.
5. Ten years ago, medical expenses accounted for 10% of the total budget, but the figure has risen to 30%.
Ten years ago, medical expenses accounted for 10% of the total budget, but have now accounted for 30%.
6. A study points out that in that rural area the rate of infant death is 7 times the national average.
According to a study, the infant death rate in that rural area is 7 times as high as the national average.
7. The calories provided by carbohydrate are the main source of human energy, accounting for about 60% of the total calories needed by man.
8. In China, 70%~80% of college students suffer from mental problems and 20.3% mental obstructions.
9. In the recent 20 years, the incidence / morbidity of hypertension has decreased / dropped by 3/4 and that of diseases of heart and blood vessels by 2/3.
10. Winter sports consume / need / use about 10% more calories than spring sports of the same intensity / activity.
To do winter sports consumes / needs / uses about 10% calories than to do spring sports of the same intensity / activity.
Winter sports consume / need / use about 110% as much energy as spring sports of the same intensity / activity do.
11. In adults of 20 years old or above, the incidence / morbidity of hypertension is 5.8% and that of critical hypertension is 3.3%, with the total incidence / morbidity being 9.1%.
12. At present, a reasonable intake / amount of salt in diet should be controlled at 7~10g per day, which can be reduced gradually to less than 5g per day.
13. In 1991, the expenditure for rural health care in China accounted for 33.73% of the total national expenditure for health care, but the proportion decreased / dropped to 32.07% in 2000.
14. According to the WHO standard, the ratio of doctors to nurses should be 1:2, but in china the ratio is 1:0.61 and even lower in the rural areas.
15. The rate of bed utilization / The bed utilization ratio in the rural hospitals in our country is lower than 50%, and only 20%~30% in some.
16. The companies that had conducted /performed health risk factor appraisal increased from 65% in 1985 to above 90% in 1992.
17. Women who are active in sports are half as likely to get breast cancer as women who are not active.
The danger of breast cancer for women who are active in sports in half less than that for women who are not active.
18. The largest amount of caffeine received by a male rat was about the same as a male human drinking 90 cups of coffee each day.
19. The improvement was 50% or more in more than half of the patients, and there was 70% improvement in some.
20. From 1995 to 2005, health expenses per person rose / increased about /roughly 4 times, from 850 yuan to 3200 yuan.
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