[考博英語]2017考博英語語法考點小結（21）_考博_旭晨教育

2017 考博英語 語法考點小結（21）

考博英語語法是考博英語考試的基石，學會運用掌握語法知識點是每個考博考生必備的技能，旭晨教育考博頻道對考博英語語法進行了總結性的小結，希望對考博生們的復習有所幫助。

虛擬語氣（3）

三、混合虛擬語氣

有時主句和從句的謂語動詞指不同的時間，這時需要用混合虛擬語氣。一般來說，在這種情況下，主從句謂語動詞指代的時間不同，所以我們又可以錯綜時間條件句，在這種虛擬情況，動詞形式應根據實際情況靈活使用，在做這些題目時候尤其要注意每道題目的提示語：時間狀語。絕大多數情況下，從句或者主句都有相關的時間狀語，這是解題的關鍵。

If you that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be so sleepy.

A. haven’t watched B. didn’t watch

C. hadn’t watched D. wouldn’t have watched 答案選C。

Many dead would now be alive if they have not attempted to return for something.

Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now.

混合虛擬語氣還有一種情況就是事實和虛擬假設的混合句，這樣的句子不僅僅是時間的不同，而重要是事實和假設的混合。

I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.

該句前半部分是假設虛擬，而后半部分是事實的陳述。

Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.

該句前半句用的是假設虛擬，后半句主句也用的是假設虛擬(如果你去并且解釋的話)，但是后半句的從句用的是事實語氣，因為“父母病了”是客觀事實，故不需要用虛擬形式had been。

四、的含蓄虛擬條件句

含蓄條件句是指句中沒有明顯的虛擬條件句，而是利用其他手段來暗示存在虛擬條件。但是這類隱含式虛擬條件句往往都可以轉化為if引導的條件句。常來表示含蓄虛擬條件的手段有：

(1)介詞或介詞短語，如but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition等。

the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy life today.=If there hadn’t been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.

A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 答案選B。

But that she was afraid, she would have said no.

(2)連詞，如：so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若……)，for fear that(唯恐)，in order that, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。

She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted.=if she listened carefully ,she might discover exactly what he wanted.

If only I had more money, I could buy a car.

(注：lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的從句中謂語動詞多用should+動詞原形，但可以不用虛擬語氣，而用動詞的陳述語氣形式。)例如：

The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 這位外籍教師說得很慢以免我們聽不懂。

Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.在使用此法時要小心謹慎，以免會發生溢流現象。

(3)通過上下文及內在含義，句中往往有but, otherwise, unfortunately等類似轉折詞。

I thought the children when we returned home, but they were still awake.

A. were sleeping B. would be sleeping C. had been sleeping D. would sleep選擇 B。

(4)形容詞及其比較級

A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes.

A less conscientious man wouldn’t have tried so hard to get this job done.

(5)分詞短語

Having known in time, we might have prevented the accident.

Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his late father.

(6)動詞不定式短語。一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned 或 was/were+不定式完成式或had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+不定式一般式表示虛擬。

I intended I should call on you, but I was busy at that time.

To hear him speak French, you would take him for an Englishman.

She would be stupid not to accept his invitation.

It would be easier to do it this way.

(7)名詞短語和名詞+and結構

A judicious man would not have committed suicide.

A diligent student would have worked harder.

(8)獨立主格結構

All things considered, the price would be reasonable.

(9)定語從句

Anyone who had been in your position would have done the same.

A nation, which stopped working, would be dead in a fortnight.

(10)情態動詞完成式暗示虛擬語氣：

I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t.

The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke.

(11)動詞原形表示虛擬

動詞原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一種虛擬，最常見于正式文體中，動詞原形一般用在條件從句中，有時倒裝置于句首，同時這種用法也常見于獨立句中表達愿望。

God bless you!

All magnets behave the same, be they large or small.

She’ll be sixteen years odd, come May.(come May =when May come).

If that be so, we shall take action at once.

強化訓練：虛擬語氣

1.Were it not for the snowy weather, we all right.

A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be

2. more careful, his ship would not have sunk.

A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been

C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been

3. If he me tomorrow, I would let him know.

A. should call B. should not have been able

C. were not able D. are not able

4. If you asked your father you permission.

A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get

5. today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves

6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.

A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were

7.The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ______all practical value by the time they were finished.

A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to have lost

8. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he our chairman now.

A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be

9. If you Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange.

A. shouldn’t contact B. didn’t contact C. weren’t to contact D. hadn’t contacted

10.he English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday

A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for

11. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I your advice

A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed

12. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he our chairman now.

A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. hadn’t contacted

13. If the horse won today, it thirty races in five years.

A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won

14. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise.

A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been

15. The board deemed it urgent that these files right away.

A. had to be printed B. should have been printed

C. must be printed D. should be printed

②在先行詞與定語從句之間插入一個定語。

如：Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?你還記得嗎，十年前的一天下午，我來到你家，找你借了一條鉆石項鏈?

when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace實際上是修飾afternoon而不是修飾 years。ten years ago 實際上是定語后置修飾afternoon。

③先行詞與定語從句被謂語分隔開來。此時，先行詞通常是句子的主語，因定語從句較長，主句謂語較短，為使句子平衡，常將定語從句移至謂語之后 如：

A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.

明天，新(男)老師將來較你德語。