[考博英語]2019醫學考博英語常見專業詞匯：影像X射線類_考博_旭晨教育

? 2019醫學 考博英語 常見專業詞匯：影像X射線類

一、肺 Lung

清晰 clear

肺門陰影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows

肺紋理增粗 increase of lung markings

鈣化灶 calcified

空洞 cavitation

球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion)

小塊陰影區 a minimal area of density

散狀的點(片)狀陰影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows

邊界不清的片狀陰影 a poorly defined patchy density

圓形致密影 a round density

胸膜增厚 pleural thickening

肋膈角模糊(變鈍、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle

橫膈抬高、活動受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement

包裹性胸腔積液 encapsulated pleural effusion

液氣胸 hydropneumothorax

縱膈移位 mediastinal displacement

肺門模糊 hilar haze

肺門密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density

肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction)

陰影性狀 shadow

淡的 haziness

云霧狀 clouding

線裝 streaky

絮狀 patcky

結節狀 nodular

塊狀 massive

粟粒狀 miliary

融合狀 confluent

均勻的 homogeneous

二、心臟 Heart

左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement

主動脈屈曲延長 a tortuous and prolonged aorta

主動脈型(二尖瓣型)心臟 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart

肺動脈段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment

肺動脈擴張 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery

心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow

左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement

左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation

靴形心臟 boot-shaped heart

主動脈鈣化　calcification of aorta

心腰部 waist of heart

垂位(狹長形;無力形;橫位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart

三、腹部平片 KUB film

結石 calculus

鈣化影 calcified shadow

階梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern

液氣平面 gas-fluid level

膈下游離氣體 subphrenic free air

四、胃腸道鋇劑檢查 barium enema examination

胃腸造影 gastroenterography

雙重對比造影 double contrast radiography

食管蠕動征 esophageal peristalsis sign

十二指腸曲(壓跡)duodenal flexure(impression)

小腸黏膜皺襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine

結腸蠕動與排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon

胃排空時間延長 delayed gastric emptying time

胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach

充盈缺損 filling defect

黏膜皺襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds

張力減低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity)

球部激惹現象 irritable cap

蠕動增強 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis)

蠕動減弱 bradydiastalsis

蠕動消失 aperistalsis

排空加快(減緩) accelerated(reduced) evacuation

跳躍現象 skipping phenomenon

黏膜增寬和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold

黏膜皺襞平坦 flat mucosal fold

五、膽道 bile tract

口服膽囊造影 oral cholecystography

靜脈膽管膽囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography

經T形管膽囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography

經皮肝穿刺膽管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)

膽總管擴張dilated common duct

膽囊濃縮功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily

膽囊顯影不好，濃縮功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately

收縮功能 contractibility

六、骨骼skeleton

骨皮質增厚 cortical thickening of bone

洋蔥皮樣改變 “onion skin” appearance

骨膜反應 periosteal reaction

骨質疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction)

骨化 ossification

畸形 deformity

縮短 shortening

移位 displacement

脫位 luxation

半脫位 subluxation

連接不正 malunion

青枝骨折 greenstick fracture

多發性骨折 multiple fracture

病理性骨折 pathological fracture

關節間隙 joint space

椎間隙 intervertebral space

肋軟骨鈣化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage

骨質軟化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis)

骨質增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis

死骨 sequestrum

骨質壞死 bone necrosis

關節腫脹(破壞;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint

關節強直 ankyloses

骨骺分離 epiphyseal separation

對線良好 good alignment

對位良好 good apposition

七、泌尿系統 urological system

靜脈腎盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP)

逆行腎盂造影 retrograde pyelography

萎縮 atrophy

移位 deformity

扭曲 distortion

充盈缺損 filling defect

狹窄 stricture

不透光的(透光的)結石 opaque(translucent) stone

八、X線檢查位置

前后位 anteroposterior projection

后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection

側位 lateral projection

立位 upright position

斜位 oblique projection

右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection

前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection

前凸位 lordotic position projection

軸位 axial position

頭位 cranial projection

尾位 caudal projection