2017 考博英語 閱讀練習（20）
基本所有博士研究生招生院校都會有考博英語閱讀題型，考博英語閱讀的提高不僅需要知道解題技巧更應在平時的練習中加以運用，同時還可以復習 考博英語詞匯 ，在此給大家整理了2017考博英語閱讀練習，希望大家學以致用。
Americans no longerexpect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the Englishlanguage with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. Inhis latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Why We Should,Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberaland conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture asresponsible for the decline of formal English。
Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yetanother criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academicspecialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearanceof “whom”， for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss ofthe case-endings of Old English。
But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing ourown thing”， has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music.While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen topaper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then hassought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highlypersonal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness.In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking,spontaneity over craft。
Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both highand low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But itis less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care.As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, includingnon-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there existsno language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is notarguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do nottalk proper。
Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry largechunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend toelaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English speakers. Mr.McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, andproposes no radical education reforms—he is reallygrieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take ourEnglish “on paper plates instead of china”. A shame, perhaps,but probably an inevitable one。
36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English
[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms。
[B] is but all too natural in language development。
[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture。
[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s。
37. The word “talking” (Line 5, Paragraph 3) denotes
[A] modesty.
[B]personality.
[C]liveliness.
[D]informality。
38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter mostlikely agree?
[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk。
[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English。
[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just asentertaining。
[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complexideas。
39. The description of Russians’ love of memorizingpoetry shows the author’s
[A] interest in their language.
[B] appreciation of their efforts。
[C] admiration for their memory.
[D]contempt for their old-fashionedness。
40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as
[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”。
[B] “radical ”is to “conservative”。
[C] “functional ” is to “artistic”。
[D] “humble” is to “noble”。
名師解析
36. According to Mc Whorter, the decline of formal English
根據麥克沃特所言， 正式英語的衰退
[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms. 在激進的教育改革中是不可避免的。
[B] is but all too natural in language development. 在語言的發展中實屬自然。
[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture. 造成了對反文化潮流的爭議。
[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s. 帶來了20世紀60年代公眾態度的變化。
【答案】 B
【考點】 事實細節題。
【分析】 第二段的第二句中作者提到麥克沃特，諸如“he sees gradual disappearance of ‘whom’, forexample, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of thecase-endings of Old English，”就是要求考生能夠理解出正式英語在語言發展中衰退的自然性。選項[A]中提到的激進的教育在文章的最后一段中可以找到“Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictlynecessary, and proposes no radical education reforms—he is reallygrieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful。”這句話具有很強的干擾，主要是因為一些考生喜歡直接閱讀，而不是先看題目，看到后面反而重點不夠突出，似是而非。出題人常用的一個方法就是將一些文章中出現但是實際上沒有必然聯系的內容揉雜在一起，起到很大的干擾。其實文章中根本沒有提到二者有什么關系，只是順帶說他沒有提議用激進的教育來改變正式英語衰退的趨勢。選項[C]說對反文化有爭議，從文中可以看出，將正式英語的衰退歸咎于反文化并不會引起什么爭議，沒有人會認為反文化使得正式英語得到了發展。選項[D]說正式英語的衰退導致公眾態度的變化，這樣的說法屬于典型的因果倒置。出題人意圖利用考生臨場考試時不穩定的心理狀態來干擾考生，看其能否正確理解文章的大意。如果考生不能夠養成良好的考試習慣，往往會花費很多額外的時間，因為很多時候，我們只需要知道正確答案是什么，而無需知道也沒有時間來分析其他選項錯在哪里。
37. The word“talking”(Line 6, Paragraph3) denotes “talking”(第三段第六行)一詞表示
[A] modesty. 謙虛。
[B] personality. 個性。
[C] liveliness. 活潑。
[D] informality. 非正式。
【答案】 D
【考點】 語義題。
【分析】 考生必須利用上下文推測單詞意思，在原文中首先找到這句話，然后仔細研讀，最后才能夠體會出這個單詞的意思。第三段首先提到“做我們自己的事情”的結果是規范的演講、作品、詩歌和音樂的死亡。然后提到在20世紀60年代以前那些受過一般教育的人在寫作時都用比較高雅的語氣，最后又說那些被認為是最重要的作品都試圖表現出口語的特色，“talking”戰勝了演講，即興戰勝了技巧。而口語化的特點就是非正式。
38. To which of the following statements would Mc Whorter mostlikely agree?
下列哪一種說法麥克沃特最有可能會同意?
[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk。
邏輯思維并不必然與我們說話的方式相關。
[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English。
黑人所使用的英語可能比正式英語更有表現力。
[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining。
人類的各種各樣非標準的語言一樣有趣。
[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complexideas。
在英語的各種變體中，標準英語最能表達復雜的思想。
【答案】 A
【考點】 推斷題。
【分析】 在第四段第四句話中，我們可以看到，麥克沃特認為所有人類語言，包括黑人的非標準英語，都具有很強的表現力。[B]選項中提到黑人使用的英語，但是說這種英語比正式英語更具有表現力是顯然夸大了范圍。[D]選項認為正式英語最能夠表達復雜的思想，也犯了同樣的錯誤。緊接著作者提到麥克沃特不認為因為我們不能很好地說話我們就不能正確地進行思考。這句話正好應了[A]選項，即正確的邏輯思維不一定與我們說話的方式有關。因此選項[A]是正確的。[C]的說法與原文完全不符合。
39. The description of Russians’ love of memorizingpoetry shows the author’s
就俄羅斯人喜歡記憶詩歌的描述顯示出作者
[A] interest in their language. 對他們的語言感興趣。
[B] appreciation of their efforts. 欣賞他們的努力。
[C] admiration for their memory. 對他們記憶力的仰慕。
[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness. 對他們的守舊表示蔑視。
【答案】 B
【考點】 推斷題。
【分析】 文章最后一段第一句話提到“俄羅斯人對本國語言的熱愛，能夠記得很多詩歌，而意大利的政治家們常常發表在大多數英國人看來有點過時的經過精心準備的演講。麥克沃特認為正式語言并非不可或缺，也沒有提出要進行激進的教育改革——他其實只是為那些美好而不是實用品的消逝而感到遺憾。”結合文章主題可以看出這幾句話中作者的言下之意：他欣賞俄羅斯人為保持自身語言的優美性所做的努力。但是這并不能夠說明他對俄羅斯語感興趣，或者贊賞他們的記憶力，更不可能是輕視他們。
40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as
根據最后一段，將“紙盤子”和“瓷器”相比就相當于
[A] “temporary”is to“permanent””. “暫時的”與“永久的”相比。
[B] “radical”is to“conservative”. “激進的”與“保守的”相比。
[C] “functional”is to“artistic”. “功能的”與“藝術的”相比。
[D] “humble”is to“noble”. “謙卑的”與“高貴的”相比。
【答案】 C
【考點】 推斷題。
【分析】 紙盤子和瓷盤子的區別不止一個，但是最后一段中作者提到優美和實用這層意思，也就是說作者想要說明的不是暫時與永久，不是激進與保守，不是謙卑與高貴，而是能夠反映紙盤子和瓷盤子背后的優美和實用這一對概念，也就是功能與藝術的比較。
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