[考博英語]2019考博英語閱讀模擬練習題附詳細答案解析（三十四）_考博_旭晨教育

2019 考博英語 閱讀模擬練習題附詳細答案解析（三十四）

考博英語閱讀理解題型想要獲得高分平日的練習必不可少，旭晨教育考博頻道為考博生們整理了100篇考博英語閱讀理解模擬練習題，希望考博生們做題時注意時間，認真對待，題后有詳細的答案解析。

On the face of things, a fall in the number ofpeople infected with HIV (the virus that causes AIDS ) from 39.5m to 33.2mover the course of a single year, as reported in this year's AIDS epidemic update from the World Health Organisation ( WHO ) and UNAIDS , should be cause for rejoicing. Indeed, it is, for it means there arefewer people to treat, and fewer to pass the infection on, than was previouslythought. But the fall is not a real fall. Rather, it is due to a change in theway the size of the epidemic is estimated.

If you factor in that change, the number ofinfected individuals has actually risen since last year, by 500,000. Yet eventhat is not necessarily bad news in the paradoxical world of AIDS . As treatmentprogrammes are rolled out around the world, death rates are falling. Accordingto the revised figures, the lethal peak, of 2.2m a year, was in 2005. Now the figure is 2.1m. Since the only way for an infectedperson to drop out of the statistics in reality (as opposed to by sleight of statistical hand) is for him to die, such increased survivorship inevitablypushes up the total size of the epidemic.

The best news of all, however, is that the newfigures confirm what had previously been suspected—that the epidemic haspeaked. The highest annual number of new infections around the world was 3.4m in 1998. That figure has now fallento 2.5m.

Both the change in the death rate and the changein the infection rate are partly a consequence of the natural flow and ebb of any epidemic infection. But they are also a reflection of the hard graftof public-health workers in many countries, who have persuaded millions ofpeople to modify or abandon risky behaviour, such as having unprotected sex, asthey have also created the medical infrastructure needed to distributeanti-retroviral drugs that can keep symptoms at bay in those who do becomeinfected.

The revision of the figures is mainly a result ofbetter data-collection methods, particularly in India (which accounts for half thedownward revision) and five African countries (which account for anotherfifth). In India many more sampling points have been established, and in allcountries better survey methods, relying on surveyors knocking on doors ratherthan asking questions at clinics, have gathered data from more representativesamples.

Sceptics will feel vindicated by therevision. They have suspected for a while that the older survey methods werebiased, and that the inflation thus produced was tolerated because it helped twang the heart-strings of potential donors. However, the structures for collectingand distributing money to combat AIDS are now well established, and accuratedata are crucial if that money is not to be misdirected. The new informationalso means that the goal of treatment for all who need it will be easier andcheaper to achieve. The WHO and UNAIDS are planning to publish a report on thematter early next year, but Paul De Lay, UNAIDS 's director of evidence, monitoring andpolicy, says that the financial requirements for 2010 will probably be about 5%less than previously estimated, and that by 2015 that figure will have risen to10%. Good news for everyone, then, donors and sufferers alike.

1. Though the number of infected individuals has risen, it is still worth rejoicing because_____

[A] the number of people who are dying from AIDS has decreased.

[B] the total size of the epidemic is shrinking in a significant extent.

[C] it is only a rise in the sense of statistics, instead of a real number.

[D] in the paradoxical world of AIDS bad news can turn out to be good news.

2. About the changes in the death rate and the infection rate of HIV, which one of the following statements is NOT true?

[A] Any epidemic will naturally has such changes.

[B] They are mainly aroused by the new statistic methods.

[C] They clearly mirror of the essential achievements of public-health workers.

[D] The death rate has been greatly suppressed due to massive implementation of treatment programmes.

3. The word “vindicatde” (Line 1, Paragraph 6) most probably means_____

[A] confused.

[B] clarified.

[C] doubting.

[D] annoyed.

4. By 2015, the financial requirements will _____

[A] have risen by 10% more than what have been previously estimated.

[B] be 10% of what have been previously estimated.

[C] be 10% less than previously estimated.

[D] be 15% less than previously estimated.

5. Towards the revision, the author’s attitude can be said to be_____

[A] negative.

[B] positive.

[C] indifferent.

[D] neutral.

文章剖析：

這篇文章介紹了艾滋病統計新方法實施帶來的變化。第一段講述根據新的統計方法對于艾滋病數量帶來的變化;第二段講述著這種統計方法帶來的死亡率變化;第三段講述數據修改證實了一些猜測;第四段講述數字的變化也反映了公共衛生做出的貢獻;第五段講述數據修改的途徑;第六段講述正確數據的重要性。

詞匯注釋：

factor in v. 計算入內 sleight n. 詭計，手法

ebb n. 衰落 vindicate v. 證明…正確

twang v. 撥動弦聲

難句突破：

(1) On the face of things, a fall in the number of people infected with HIV (the virus that causes AIDS) from 39.5m to 33.2m over the course of a single year, as reported in this year's AIDS epidemic update from the World Health Organisation (WHO) and UNAIDS, should be cause for rejoicing.

[主體句式]A fall should be cause for rejoicing.

[結構分析] 這是一個簡單句。On the face of things是句子的狀語，而as 引導的定語從句是用來修飾前面的a fall in the number…。

[句子譯文] 世界衛生組織和UNAIDS報告的本年度艾滋病最新數據表明，在短短一年的時間內感染HIV(引發艾滋病的病毒)的人數從3950萬人減少到3320萬人，表面上來看這確實令人欣喜。

(2) But they are also a reflection of the hard graft of public-health workers in many countries, who have persuaded millions of people to modify or abandon risky behaviour, such as having unprotected sex, as they have also created the medical infrastructure needed to distribute anti-retroviral drugs that can keep symptoms at bay in those who do become infected.

[主體句式] But they are also a reflection of …

[結構分析] 這是一個復合句, 表語的定語結構比較復雜;在該定語中，who引導的定語從句修飾前面的workers，后面such as結構用來修飾risky behaviour; such as后面是兩個并列的成分， 一個為動名詞短語，一個是句子;在這個并列成分的句子中，有一個以that引導的定語從句用來修飾drugs。

[句子譯文] 但是也反映了許多公共衛生工作者的努力，他們成功說服了成百萬上千萬的人們改變或者放棄危險的性行為、如沒有任何保護措施的性行為，他們還建立了醫療基礎措施來分發反逆轉藥物，這種藥物可以讓那些已經被感染的患者癥狀消失。

題目分析：

1. Though the number of infected individuals has risen, it is still worth rejoicing because_____1. 盡管感染艾滋病的人數上升了，但是還是值得高興，因為_____

[A] the number of people who are dying from AIDS has decreased.[A] 死于艾滋病的人數減少了。

[B] the total size of the epidemic is shrinking in a significant extent.[B] 這種傳染病整體的數量下降了。

[C] it is only a rise in the sense of statistics, instead of a real number.[C] 這只是統計上的增加，而不是實際數目的增加。

[D]in the paradoxical world of AIDS bad news can turn out to be good news.[D] 在荒謬、是非顛倒的艾滋病世界中，壞消息也能變成好消息。

[答案]A

[難度系數] ☆☆☆☆

[分析] 推理題。本題針對的是文章的第一段和第二段。文章第二段提到，雖然感染的人數上升了，但并不是壞消息，因為隨著全世界醫療水平的提高，愛滋病死亡率下降了。這個上升的數據對應的是死亡人數的減少，因此，選項中A符合題意。B選項顯然是錯誤的，因為整體染病的人數還在上升，而下降的是增加人數的比率。C選項是對第一段“但這個數量的減少卻不是真正的減少，而是因為評估該傳染病數量的方法發生了改變”的誤解。D選項是對第二段“Yet even that is not necessarily bad news in the paradoxical world of AIDS”的曲解，選項的表述過于絕對，而原文的語氣沒有這么肯定。

2. About the changes in the death rate and the infection rate of HIV, which one of the following statements is NOT true?2. 關于HIV死亡率和感染率的變化，下列哪個選項是錯誤的?

[A] Any epidemic will naturally has such changes [A] 任何傳染病都會很自然地有這樣的變化。

[B] They are mainly aroused by the new statistic methods.[B] 這些變化主要是因為新的統計方法引起的。

[C] They clearly mirror of the essential achievements of public-health workers.[C] 這些變化清楚地反映了公共衛生工作人員的重要成績。

[D] The death rate has been greatly suppressed due to massive implementation of treatment programmes.[D] 由于大規模地實施了各種治療項目，因此死亡率得到了極大的控制。

[答案] B

[難度系數] ☆☆☆

[分析] 細節題。選項A，第四段提到，死亡率和感染率所發生的變化一部分原因是由于每種傳染病都會有這樣自然的起伏。選項B，第五段提到，數據的變化主要是由于采用了更好的數據收集方法，而不是統計方法。因此B是錯誤的，D是正確的。選項C，第五段提到了這一點。那么，選項B是正確答案。

3. The word “vindicatde” (Line 1, Paragraph 6) most probably means_____3. “vindicated”(第六段第一行)這個詞最有可能的意思是_____

[A] confused.[A] 迷惑的 。

[B] clarified.[B] 澄清的。

[C] doubting.[C] 懷疑的。

[D] annoyed.[D] 懊惱的。

[答案]B

[難度系數] ☆☆☆

[分析] 猜詞題。在第六段中，根據上下文，持懷疑態度者最開始懷疑老的調查方法有偏頗，但是現在新的方比較先進、科學，他們的疑慮應該打消了。因此，選項B最為符合題意。

4. By 2015, the financial requirements will _____4. 到2015年,財政需求將會_____

[A] have risen by 10% more than what have been previously estimated.[A] 比先前估計的上升10%。

[B] be 10% of what have been previously estimated.[B] 是先前估計的10%。

[C] be 10% less than previously estimated.[C] 比先前估計的少10%。

[D] be 15% less than previously estimated.[D] 比先前估計的少15%。

[答案]C

[難度系數] ☆☆

[分析] 細節題。第六段中原文指出，到2010年財政需求可能要比先前估計的少 5%，而到2015年這個數字將漲到10%。那么也就是說，到了2015年，財政需求要比先前估計的少10%。選項C為正確答案。

5. Towards the revision, the author’s attitude can be said to be_____5. 對于這次修訂,作者的態度是_____

[A] negative.[A] 否定的。

[B] positive.[B] 肯定的。

[C] indifferent.[C] 不關心的。

[D] neutral.[D] 中立的。

[答案]B

[難度系數] ☆

[分析] 態度題。對于這次修訂，作者在全文多次用了贊揚的語氣，描述這樣做了改變的好處，因此，作者的態度是肯定的，正確答案為B選項。

參考譯文：

世界衛生組織和UNAIDS報告的本年度艾滋病最新數據表明，在短短一年的時間內感染HIV(引發艾滋病的病毒)的人數從3950萬人減少到3320萬人，表面上來看這確實令人欣喜。實際上也確實如此，因為這意味著需要治療的人喝傳播疾病的人比原來估計的要少。但這個數量的減少卻不是真正的減少，而是因為估計該傳染病規模的方法發生了改變。

如果將這種改變考慮進來，受感染的人數實際上比去年增長了50萬人。但是即便如此，這對于艾滋病世界來說也不一定是壞消息。隨著全世界治療方案的大量出現，死亡率開始有所下降。根據修改后的數據統計，死亡高峰出現在2005年即一年220萬人死亡。現在這個數字為210萬。因為受感染的患者要真正退出統計數字(而不是通過數據統計辦法)，唯一的方法就是死亡，存活患者人數的增加不免增加了感染者的總數。

但是最好的消息就是新數據肯定了先前被懷疑的事實——感染人數已經過了最高點。1998年新感染者的最高總人數為340萬人，現在降到250萬人。

死亡率的變化和感染率的變化部分是由于每一種傳染病都存在的自然起落規律，但是也反映了許多公共衛生工作者的努力，他們成功說服了成百萬上千萬的人們改變或者放棄危險的性行為、如沒有任何保護措施的性行為，他們還建立了醫療基礎措施來分發反逆轉藥物，這種藥物可以讓那些已經被感染的患者癥狀消失。

數據修改是實施了更好數據收集方法的結果，特別是在印度(該數據的下降有一半是因為印度數據的改變)和五個非洲國家(數據下降的1/5是因為這些國家)。印度建立了更多的取樣點，而所有國家都實行了更好的調查方法，主要依靠上門調查而不是在診所詢問問題，這樣收集到了更全面的病例數據。

持懷疑態度的人會因為數據修改而證實了他們先前的懷疑。他們曾懷疑過去的調查方法有一定偏頗，由此導致的數據上漲也是在容許范圍內，因此這樣就可以使許多潛在的捐贈人動心。但是，現在為抗擊艾滋病建立了收集和分發資金的結構，如果想要這些正確使用資金，那么正確的數據是非常重要的。新信息也意味著治療所有患者的目標實現起來會更簡單，更廉價。世界衛生組織和UNAIDS目前計劃在明年年初發布一個報告，但是UNAIDS取證、監測和政策主任Paul De Lay稱2010年財政需求要比先前預計的少5%，到2015年該數字將達到10%。這對于那是的每個人來說，不管是捐獻者還是患者都是好消息。